Classification:

• Phylum: Chordata
• Class: Amphibia
• Order: Anura
• Genus: Bufo

Comments:

1. 1. Bufo is commonly called true-toad.
2. 2. Skin is rough, dry and warty on the dorsal surface of the body and has more poisonous glands than mucous glands.
3. 3. Head bears a wide mouth, large protruding eyes with eyelids and very small nostrils.
4. 4. Tympanum is very well-developed.
5. 5. Paired parotid glands are present behind the tympanum. These glands secrete irritating poison fluid.
6. 6. Forelimbs bear three webless fingers and a thumb pad. Hindlimbs have three toes with a greatly reduced web.
7. 7. Teeth are entirely absent.
8. 8. Vertebrae are procoelous. Ribs and sternum are absent.
9. 9. Eggs are laid in water in gelatinous strings.
10. 10. Parotid glands secrete bufotalus and bufoqus toxins which cause nausea, disturbances in respiration and muscles and also affect heart functioning.

Source:

1. Practical Zoology Vertebrates by S.S.Lal. 2. A Manual of Practical Zoology Chordates by Dr. P.S. Verma.